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Django Turoial zum Thema Login
https://learndjango.com/tutorials/django-login-and-logout-tutorial




Ein mini Tutorial fuer nen Apache2/Debian Django...
Ein mini Tutorial fuer nen Apache2/Debian Django...
Django Version 3.2.19




Line 8: Line 19:


Gutes Intro: <nowiki>https://tecadmin.net/install-django-on-debian/</nowiki>
Gutes Intro: <nowiki>https://tecadmin.net/install-django-on-debian/</nowiki>
Deutsches gutes Intro: https://tutorial.djangogirls.org/de/django_start_project/
== Django Serializer ==
[[Django Serializer]]
== Standard Django Datenbank Tables ==
=== auh_user ===
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "auth_user"
( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
"password" varchar(128) NOT NULL,
"last_login" datetime NULL,
"is_superuser" bool NOT NULL,
"username" varchar(150) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
"last_name" varchar(150) NOT NULL,
"email" varchar(254) NOT NULL,
"is_staff" bool NOT NULL,
"is_active" bool NOT NULL,
"date_joined" datetime NOT NULL,
"first_name" varchar(150)  NOT NULL);
== Model Object Commands ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!
|-
|entrySortedList = entry.objects.order_by(entryField)
|Liefert eine Liste aller Entry-Objekte zurueck, sortiert nach entryField
|-
|allEntries = entry.objects.all()
|Liefert eine Liste aller Entryobjekte zurueck
|-
|entryCount = entry.objects.all().count()
|Liefert einen integer mit der Anzahl der DB-Objekte zurueck
|-
|entryObj = entry.objects.get(pk=1)
|Liefert das Object mit dem Primary Key 1 zurueck. Der Type des Objects ist die Klasse "entry"
|-
|cheese_blog = Blog.objects.get(name="Cheddar Talk")
|
|-
|entry = entry.object.get_or_create(entryField1="field1", entryField2="field2")
|Erstellt ein neues Object in der Table. Liefert ein Objekt zurueck...
|-
|entry = entry.object.get_or_create(entryField1="field1", entryField2="field2")[0]
|Erstellt ein neues Object in der Table. Liefert entryField1 zurueck...
|-
|wanted = Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2006)
|get all objects, select speciic, and pass the wanted ones
|-
|<code>SomeModel.objects.filter(id=id).delete()</code>
|Loeschen eines DB-Objekts
|-
|b5.save()
|save obj to db
|}
== Model Fields ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Beispiele
!Beschreibung Feld
!Beschreibung Parameter
|-
|AutoField
|
|
|
|-
|DateField
|DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)
DateField(default=date.today)
|
|
|-
|CharField
|
|
|
|-
|DecimalField
|
|
|
|-
|ForeignKey
|models.ForeignKey(Blog, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
|
|
|-
|EmailField
|
|
|
|-
|ImageField
|models.ImageField(upload_to="/images/uploads", blank=True)
|
|Blank heisst, dass dieses Feld nicht vom user ausgefuellt werden muss.
|-
|IntegerField
|models.IntegerField(default=0)
|
|
|-
|ManyToManyField
|models.ManyToManyField(Author)
|
|
|-
|OneToOneField
|DjangoUser = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE,)
|
|CASCADE = Loesch das Onject, wenn Parent stirbt
RESTRICT = Loesche nur die Verbindung zu dem toten Parent
PROTECT =
|-
|TextField
|
|
|
|-
|URLField
|models.URLField(blank=True)
|
|
|}
=== Model Attribute ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|unique
|Boolean
|Darf der Datensatz schon in der DB-Table sein?
|
|
|-
|editable
|Boolean
|False heisst, es wird nicht im Django-Admin angezeigt.
|
|
|}
== Form Fields ==
externe Doku:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/forms/fields/
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!
!
!
|-
|forms.BooleanField(required=False)
|
|
|
|-
|forms.DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)
|
|
|
|-
|forms.CharField(required=False)
|
|
|
|-
|forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextArea, label="Your name", max_length=100)
|
|
|
|-
|forms.CharField(label="Your name", max_length=100)
|
|
|
|-
|forms.EmailField()
|
|
|
|-
|<code>forms.SubmitButtonField(label="", initial=u"Your submit button text")</code>
|
|
|
|}
=== Form Attribute ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|required
|boolean
|Muss das Feld gefuellt sein?
|
|
|-
|widget=forms.HiddenInput
|
|wird benutzt um in CharFields den bots ne falle zu stellen
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}
== Template Commands ==
=== IF ===
{% if VARIABLE %}
<nowiki><h1>Hallo {{ VARIABLE }}</nowiki><nowiki></h1></nowiki>
{% else %}
<nowiki><h1>Hallo Welt</h1></nowiki>
{% endif %}
=== Embed HTML sourcefiles ===
<code>{% extends "sourcefile.html" %}</code>
{% include 'sourcefile.html' %}
=== Block ===
{% block block_beispiel_name %}
{% endblock %}
...endblock oder {% endblock block_beispiel_name %} funktionieren beide
== Views.py Commands ==
=== Variables ===
x = 1


== Python Config ==
== Python Config ==
Line 21: Line 313:


source ~/<mark>myproject</mark>/<mark>myprojectenv</mark>/bin/activate
source ~/<mark>myproject</mark>/<mark>myprojectenv</mark>/bin/activate
== Django Config Dateien ==
Projekt - urls.py
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Directory
!Dateiname
!Beschreibung
|-
|Projekt
|urls.py
|
|-
|Application
|urls.py
|
|-
|Application
|views.py
|
|}




Line 75: Line 389:


=== Configure Static Files ===
=== Configure Static Files ===
 
{{Code|vi django_app/settings.py}}
vi django_app/settings.py


Fuege 2 Zeilen hinzu...  
Fuege 2 Zeilen hinzu...  
Line 92: Line 405:


vi urls.py
vi urls.py
from django.urls import path


from django.urls import path
from django.urls import path
Line 103: Line 417:
]
]


Die folgende Datei ist zustaendig fuer die Projekt URLs. Hier soll nur ein include passieren, damit die URLs in der App gemanaged werden.


cd MyProject
cd MyProject


vi urls.py
vi urls.py




urlpatterns = [
urlpatterns = [


    path("u2p/", include("u2p.urls")),
    path("MyApp/", include("MyApp.urls")),


    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
Line 118: Line 436:




== Apache2 Config ==
cd MyApp
 
vi view.py
 
 
 
 
 
from django.shortcuts import render
 
from django.http import HttpResponse
 
def index(request):
 
    return HttpResponse("Halli Hallo Schwestern")
 
 
 
== Django Errors ==
 
=== attempt to write a readonly database ===
Problem:
 
* Aufrufe der Seite die die Datenbank benutzen, wirft den Fehler "attempt to write a readonly database"
 
Lösung:
 
* die Datenbankdatei muss 664 als Rechtemaske haben
* das Verzeichnis muss dem Apache User und der Apache Gruppe gehören
* Die Datenbankdatei muss dem Apache User und der Apache Gruppe gehören
 
 
 
=== URL Redirecting not working ===
 
 
=== DisallowedHost - Invalid HTTP_HOST header ===
Problem:
 
Er wollte einfach nicht die IP erlauben
 
Loesung:
 
Es war ein tippfehler in der Allowed_Host Variable der Settings
 
 
=== ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MyProject' ===
Problem:
 
Der Apache schmeisst einen 500 Internal Server Error. Die Logs sagen:
 
 
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MyProject'
 
Failed to exec Python script file '/PATH/MyProject/wsgi.py'.
 
mod_wsgi (pid=4996): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/PATH/MyProject/wsgi.py'.
 
Traceback (most recent call last):
 
 File "/PATH/MyProject/wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
 
application = get_wsgi_application()
 
 File "/PATH/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 12, in get_wsgi_application
 
 django.setup(set_prefix=False)
 
File "/PATH/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 19, in setup
 
configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
 
File "/PATH/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 82, in __getattr__
 
self._setup(name)
 
File "/PATH/django/conf/__init__.py", line 69, in _setup
 
self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
 
File "/PATH/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 170, in __init__
 
mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
 
File "/usr/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
 
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
 
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
 
 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
 
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked
 
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
 
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
 
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
 
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 965, in _find_and_load_unlocked
 
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MyProject'
 
 
Loesung:
 
In der wsgi.py nen import und nen Pfad hinzufuegen...
 
 
import sys
 
sys.path.append('/PATH/MyProject')
 
=== ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'importlib_metadata' ===
 
 
Loesung
 
Manuelles nachinstallieren der Lib... pip3 install importlib_metadata

Latest revision as of 15:55, 1 January 2024


Django Turoial zum Thema Login

https://learndjango.com/tutorials/django-login-and-logout-tutorial


Ein mini Tutorial fuer nen Apache2/Debian Django...


Django Version 3.2.19



Udemy Course: Python and Django Full Stack Web Developer Bootcamp

Gutes Intro: https://tecadmin.net/install-django-on-debian/


Deutsches gutes Intro: https://tutorial.djangogirls.org/de/django_start_project/

Django Serializer

Django Serializer

Standard Django Datenbank Tables

auh_user

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "auth_user"

( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,

"password" varchar(128) NOT NULL,

"last_login" datetime NULL,

"is_superuser" bool NOT NULL,

"username" varchar(150) NOT NULL UNIQUE,

"last_name" varchar(150) NOT NULL,

"email" varchar(254) NOT NULL,

"is_staff" bool NOT NULL,

"is_active" bool NOT NULL,

"date_joined" datetime NOT NULL,

"first_name" varchar(150)  NOT NULL);

Model Object Commands

entrySortedList = entry.objects.order_by(entryField) Liefert eine Liste aller Entry-Objekte zurueck, sortiert nach entryField
allEntries = entry.objects.all() Liefert eine Liste aller Entryobjekte zurueck
entryCount = entry.objects.all().count() Liefert einen integer mit der Anzahl der DB-Objekte zurueck
entryObj = entry.objects.get(pk=1) Liefert das Object mit dem Primary Key 1 zurueck. Der Type des Objects ist die Klasse "entry"
cheese_blog = Blog.objects.get(name="Cheddar Talk")
entry = entry.object.get_or_create(entryField1="field1", entryField2="field2") Erstellt ein neues Object in der Table. Liefert ein Objekt zurueck...
entry = entry.object.get_or_create(entryField1="field1", entryField2="field2")[0] Erstellt ein neues Object in der Table. Liefert entryField1 zurueck...
wanted = Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2006) get all objects, select speciic, and pass the wanted ones
SomeModel.objects.filter(id=id).delete() Loeschen eines DB-Objekts
b5.save() save obj to db

Model Fields

Name Beispiele Beschreibung Feld Beschreibung Parameter
AutoField
DateField DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)

DateField(default=date.today)

CharField
DecimalField
ForeignKey models.ForeignKey(Blog, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
EmailField
ImageField models.ImageField(upload_to="/images/uploads", blank=True) Blank heisst, dass dieses Feld nicht vom user ausgefuellt werden muss.
IntegerField models.IntegerField(default=0)
ManyToManyField models.ManyToManyField(Author)
OneToOneField DjangoUser = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE,) CASCADE = Loesch das Onject, wenn Parent stirbt

RESTRICT = Loesche nur die Verbindung zu dem toten Parent PROTECT =

TextField
URLField models.URLField(blank=True)

Model Attribute

unique Boolean Darf der Datensatz schon in der DB-Table sein?
editable Boolean False heisst, es wird nicht im Django-Admin angezeigt.

Form Fields

externe Doku:

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/forms/fields/

forms.BooleanField(required=False)
forms.DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)
forms.CharField(required=False)
forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextArea, label="Your name", max_length=100)
forms.CharField(label="Your name", max_length=100)
forms.EmailField()
forms.SubmitButtonField(label="", initial=u"Your submit button text")

Form Attribute

required boolean Muss das Feld gefuellt sein?
widget=forms.HiddenInput wird benutzt um in CharFields den bots ne falle zu stellen


Template Commands

IF

{% if VARIABLE %}

<h1>Hallo {{ VARIABLE }}</h1>

{% else %}

<h1>Hallo Welt</h1>

{% endif %}

Embed HTML sourcefiles

{% extends "sourcefile.html" %}


{% include 'sourcefile.html' %}

Block

{% block block_beispiel_name %}

{% endblock %}

...endblock oder {% endblock block_beispiel_name %} funktionieren beide

Views.py Commands

Variables

x = 1


Python Config

Virtual Environment

pip3 install virtualenv

mkdir /path/to/myapp/venv

cd /path/to/myapp/venv/

virtualenv myprojectenv

source ~/myproject/myprojectenv/bin/activate

Django Config Dateien

Projekt - urls.py

Directory Dateiname Beschreibung
Projekt urls.py
Application urls.py
Application views.py


Django Installation

sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip


python3 -V

Python 3.7.3


pip3 -V

pip 12.0.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.7)


pip3 install Django


django-admin --version

2.1.2


cd /var/www

django-admin startproject django_app


cd django_app

python3 manage.py migrate


python3 manage.py createsuperuser


vi django_app/settings.py


ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['192.168.1.239']


python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000


http://192.168.1.239:8000


http://192.168.1.239:8000/admin

Configure Static Files

vi django_app/settings.py

Fuege 2 Zeilen hinzu...

import os

und unter dem Static Verzeichnis:

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/')

Create new App

python manage.py startapp MyApp

cd MyApp

vi urls.py from django.urls import path

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    path("", views.index, name="index"),

]


Die folgende Datei ist zustaendig fuer die Projekt URLs. Hier soll nur ein include passieren, damit die URLs in der App gemanaged werden.

cd MyProject

vi urls.py


urlpatterns = [

    path("MyApp/", include("MyApp.urls")),

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

]


cd MyApp

vi view.py



from django.shortcuts import render

from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):

    return HttpResponse("Halli Hallo Schwestern")


Django Errors

attempt to write a readonly database

Problem:

  • Aufrufe der Seite die die Datenbank benutzen, wirft den Fehler "attempt to write a readonly database"

Lösung:

  • die Datenbankdatei muss 664 als Rechtemaske haben
  • das Verzeichnis muss dem Apache User und der Apache Gruppe gehören
  • Die Datenbankdatei muss dem Apache User und der Apache Gruppe gehören


URL Redirecting not working

DisallowedHost - Invalid HTTP_HOST header

Problem:

Er wollte einfach nicht die IP erlauben

Loesung:

Es war ein tippfehler in der Allowed_Host Variable der Settings


ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MyProject'

Problem:

Der Apache schmeisst einen 500 Internal Server Error. Die Logs sagen:


ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MyProject'

Failed to exec Python script file '/PATH/MyProject/wsgi.py'.

mod_wsgi (pid=4996): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/PATH/MyProject/wsgi.py'.

Traceback (most recent call last):

 File "/PATH/MyProject/wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>

application = get_wsgi_application()

 File "/PATH/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 12, in get_wsgi_application

 django.setup(set_prefix=False)

File "/PATH/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 19, in setup

configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)

File "/PATH/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 82, in __getattr__

self._setup(name)

File "/PATH/django/conf/__init__.py", line 69, in _setup

self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)

File "/PATH/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 170, in __init__

mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)

File "/usr/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module

return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)

File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import

 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load

File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked

File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed

File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import

File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load

File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 965, in _find_and_load_unlocked

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MyProject'


Loesung:

In der wsgi.py nen import und nen Pfad hinzufuegen...


import sys

sys.path.append('/PATH/MyProject')

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'importlib_metadata'

Loesung

Manuelles nachinstallieren der Lib... pip3 install importlib_metadata